The Scrapping Centres send the dismantled ELVs (shells) to the Shredding Centres. At these facilities, there are large hammer mills that crush the shells into small pieces.
During crushing, particles of materials that have a low density and are small in size (foams, soils, textiles, rubber, etc.) are aspirated and separated, resulting in “light shredder residues”. Afterwards, an electromagnet extracts the “ferrous metals”. The other materials form a mixture, which is called the “heavy fraction”, consisting of nonferrous metals (copper, aluminium, magnesium, etc.) and larger-sized particle of plastic, rubber, wood, etc. This mixture is thereafter submitted to various filtration/separation methods (e.g. filtration, floatation, induction currents, densimetric tables, optical means), which separate the “nonferrous metals” from the other metals, which are then called “heavy shredder residues”.
The ferrous and nonferrous metal fractions are sent for recycling in steel mills and foundries. The light fragmentation residues and heavy fragmentation residues are currently sent for energy recovery in cement kilns (co-incineration) or to a landfill.